INGABE UKUPHAKISHA KWE-PLASTIKI KUNGASHINTSHWA?

—PLAVSIsilwane: UMHOLI WE-BIO PLASTIC

UMJAHO WOKUPHAKISHA

Njalo ngonyaka, imakethe yomhlaba wonke isebenzisa ngaphezu kwe-640 billionizingcezu zeukupakishwa kwepulasitikiKwezitsha zokudla—lezi zinto ezisetshenziswa kanye kuphela zithatha iminyaka engu-450 ukubola ngokwemvelo. Nakuba sijabulela ukulula okulethwa ukudla okuphuzwayo, ukudla okusheshayo, kanye nokudla okuphekwa endizeni, ukungcola kwepulasitiki sekuyinkinga yomthwalo wemfanelo yomphakathi engenakugwenywa embonini yokupheka.

INGXENYE 1

Inkinga Yezinto Zokupheka Zepulasitiki Nokwanda Kwezindlela Zokupheka Ezingadingi Ukushintshwa Kwemvelo

Ti-akeout kanye nokudla okusheshayo okwakuncike epulasitikini yendabuko, kodwa isimo sesishintshile. Imithethonqubo efana ne-EU's Single-Use Plastics Directive (ukuvinjelwa okugcwele kwezitsha zepulasitiki ezilahlwayo) kanye nenqubomgomo yaseShayina ethi “Dual Carbon” iphoqa izinguquko embonini. Idatha ye-Mintel ka-2024 ikhombisa62%abathengi bakhetha ngenkuthalo imikhiqizo esebenzisa ukupakishwa kwepulasitiki okunomanyolo—ukususa izinto zemvelo kusuka ezintweni ezibaluleke kakhulu kuya ezintweni ezivamile.

Umbuzo oyinhloko uwukuthi: Singakwazi yini ukufaka esikhundleni sezindleko kanye nezinzuzo zokusebenza kwepulasitiki?Namuhla, sizohlola ngokujulile abancintisani ababili abadumile kakhulu -I-PLA(i-polylactic acid) kanyeI-PET(i-polyethylene terephthalate), ukuze kubonwe ukuthi ubani “isitoko esingaba khona” sangempela.

INGXENYE 2

Ukubusa Kwepulasitiki Kuyaphela:Kungani “Okungenakushintshwa” Kuphelelwe Yisikhathi

PIzitsha zokudla ezithambile eziqinile zibuse amashumi eminyaka ngenxa yokusebenza kahle kwazo: ezilula (zinciphisa izindleko zokuthumela), ezishibhile (zifanela amamodeli amancane), futhi eziqinile ngamakhemikhali (zisebenza ekudleni okushisayo/okubandayo).I-PET (i-polyethylene terephthalate) Imikhiqizokwagqama—ukucaca kwayo kanye nokumelana kwayo nomthelela kwenza kwaba ukukhetha okungabizi kakhulu ezitolo zetiye lobisi, izitolo zokudla okusheshayo, kanye nezinkampani zezindiza.

Kodwa ukuthobela imithetho yezemvelo kubhala kabusha imithetho. Ukuvinjelwa kwe-EU kukodwa kudale igebe lamaRandi ayizigidigidi ezingama-23 ku-ukupakishwa kwepulasitikiimakethe, okuqhuba isidingo sezinye izindlela. Ngo-2024, ukuthengiswa kwetafula le-eco emhlabeni wonke kufinyelele ngaphezu kwamaRandi ayizigidigidi ezingama-80, kanti i-Asia Pacific ikhule ngo-27% unyaka nonyaka—ngokushesha okuphindwe kahlanu kunepulasitiki yendabuko. Ukugxila okudala “okulula, okushibhile, okuhlala isikhathi eside” manje kungqubuzana nezidingo “ezisimeme, ezihambisanayo, nezihambisana nomkhiqizo”. I-lead yepulasitiki iyancipha ngokushesha.

INGXENYE 3

I-PLA vs i-PET:Abaphikisi Abanamandla Emakethe Yezinto Zokudla Ezilahlwayo

Wuma kufika kuukupakishwa kwepulasitiki ephinde yasetshenziswa, ukupakishwa kwepulasitiki okunomanyolo, futhiukupakishwa kwe-bio-plastic, I-PLA(i-polylactic acid) kanyeI-PETyizinketho ze-B2B ezithembeke kakhulu. Enye iwina abathengi abagxile emvelweni ngokuguquguquka kokubola; enye igcina amakhasimende aqaphela izindleko ngokuvuselela kabusha. Lokhu kuphikisana kushintsha ukuthengwa komhlaba wonke.

Izitsha zetafula ze-PLA

—"I-Eco-Star" Esekelwe Ezitshalweni Yezidingo Zomquba

I-PLA,iphakheji yepulasitiki ekwazi ukumunca umquba esekelwe ezintweni eziphilayo, yenziwe ngezinsiza ezivuselelekayo njengesitashi sommbila kanye nomoba. Isici sayo esichazayo—ukubola okuphelele ezinyangeni eziyi-6-12 ngaphansi kwezimo zokwenziwa komquba wezimboni—kunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni ngo-52% uma kuqhathaniswa nepulasitiki yendabuko. Lokhu kuyenza ibe yintandokazi yemikhiqizo ehamba ngezinqubomgomo eziqinile zemvelo.

Kodwa-ke, i-PLA nayo inamaphutha: kulula ukuyishintsha uma amazinga okushisa aphezulu, ayifanele ukudla okungaphezu kuka-100°C，Ngakho-ke ifaneleka kakhulu ezinkomishini zeziphuzo ezibandayo, amabhokisi esaladi, noma izitsha zokudla ezisezingeni eliphezulu.

Izitsha Zetafula Zezilwane Ezifuywayo

—“Indaba Yokubuya” Kwepulasitiki Elidala

I-PET, ummeleli wepulasitiki yendabuko, uye wafeza ushintsho lwezemvelo "ngokusebenzisa kabusha nokusebenzisa kabusha". Ngokungafani nepulasitiki engonakalisi, izitsha zetafula ze-PET zingaphinde zisetshenziswe izikhathi ezingu-5-7 ngobuchwepheshe bokuvuselela ngokomzimba, okunciphisa ngempumelelo ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza. Ezimakethe zaseYurophu naseMelika ezinezinhlelo zokuvuselela kabusha ze-PET ezivuthiwe, izinga lokuvuselela kabusha selifinyelele65%.

Inzuzo eyinhloko yezitsha zokudla ze-PET ilele ekulinganiseni phakathi kwezindleko nokusebenza: okushibhile kune-PLA. Ingabamba isobho elishisayo futhi imelane namaconsi, okwenza ibe yintandokazi yamapulatifomu okudla okusheshayo kanye nezitolo zokudla okusheshayo, futhi ukumelana kwayo nokushisa okuphezulu kanye nokumelana namaconsi kufaneleka kakhulu ezimweni zokuthatha. Kubathengi abagxile ekulawuleni izindleko futhi abanohlelo lokuvuselela kabusha olusebenzayo,Izitsha zokudla ze-PETkuseyisinqumo esingabizi kakhulu.

INGXENYE 4

Umbono Wesikhathi Esizayo:Ubani Ohola Imakethe Yezinto Zokudla Ezilahlwayo?

Sukusimama akuyona into ethandwayo.ukupakishwa kwepulasitikiImakethe ishintsha kusuka ezinkethweni ezimbili iye ohlelweni oluhlukahlukene, olunezindlela ezintathu ezibalulekile kubathengi:

Ithrendi 1:

I-Niche Materials Complement (Ayithathi Indawo) I-PLA/PET

NgaleI-PET/PLA, i-bagasse kanye ne-bamboo fiber kuyakhula ezindaweni ezivulekile. I-Bakeys yaseNdiya ithengisa izitsha zokudla ze-sorghum (zibola ezinsukwini ezingu-4-5) ngo-$0.10/iyunithi—njengoba kunjalo nangepulasitiki. Lokhu kusebenza ekudleni okungokwemvelo noma ekunakekelweni komama kodwa akukwazi ukulingana nokukhula kwe-PLA/PET kuma-oda amaningi.

Ithrendi 2:

Ukuthuthukiswa Kobuchwepheshe Kunciphisa Imikhawulo Ye-PLA/PET Yendabuko

Ukusungula izinto ezintsha kuxazulula izinkinga ezibalulekile: i-PLA eguquliwe manje iyamelana120℃, ukuvula ukusetshenziswa kokudla okushisayo. Ukuvuselelwa kwamakhemikhali ezilwane ezifuywayo kuguqula “amabhodlela amadala abe izinkomishi ezintsha,” kunciphisa izinkomba zekhabhoni40%. Izibikezelo zemboni: I-PLA ne-PET zizoqhubeka60%yemakethe yezinto zokwenza itafula ezidayiswayo ngokwemvelo eminyakeni engu-3-5, ngezinto ezintsha zigcwalisa izikhala.

Ithrendi 3:

Izinto Ezivikela Imvelo Zikhulisa Inani Lomkhiqizo

Ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo edluliselwe phambiliokubola umqubafuthiukupakishwa kwepulasitiki ephinde yasetshenziswaukuthola izinzuzo.Ikhofi likaLuckinukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwepulasitikiAmathani ayi-10,000 ngonyakange-PLA straws, iphakamisa isilinganiso sayo se-ESG futhi iheha ukutshalwa kwezimali kwezikhungo. Kwezezimboni, izinto ezisimeme azigcini nje ngokuhlangabezana nomthetho—zibopha ubudlelwano besikhathi eside namakhasimende agxile kumkhiqizo.

INGXENYE 5

Ukuqamba izinto ezintshaUmhlahlandlela Wokuthenga:Khetha i-PLA noma i-PET?

TUkukhetha kwe-PLA vs PET kuncike ezintweni ezintathu eziza kuqala: ukuthobela imithetho, izindleko, kanye nokusetshenziswa kokugcina.

Ama-oda Asezingeni Eliphezulu - Hamba Ngokuqondile Nge-PLA (Amapulasitiki Abolayo)

Uma amakhasimende akho ese-EU noma e-US, noma usekuphekeni okusezingeni eliphezulu noma emikhiqizweni yomama nengane, ungangabazi – i-PLA iyimfuneko. Isici sayo “esibolayo” singadlula ngqo ekuhlolweni kwemvelo kwamasiko. Amapulasitiki abolayo amelwe yi-PLA enziwe ngezinto zokusetshenziswa zezitshalo zemvelo futhi angabola ngokuphelele ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo noma zezimboni. Ezimakethe ezinezinqubomgomo eziqinile zemvelo njenge-EU ne-China, kanye nezimo ezinezidingo eziphezulu zemvelo njengokupheka okuphezulu kanye nokudla komama nengane,Izitsha zokudla ze-PLAkuyisinqumo esingenakugwenywa.

Ukupakisha Okungasetshenziswa Kabusha: Ukukhetha Okusebenzayo Kwezimo Eziqondiswe Ezindleko

Izitsha zokudla ezingasetshenziswa kabusha ze-PETithola ukuvuselelwa kwezinsiza ngokusebenzisa uhlelo lokuvuselela oluqinile. Izindleko zayo zeyunithi cishe30%iphansi kuneye-PLA, futhi ukusebenza kwayo kuzinzile, kufanelekile ezimweni ezifunwa kakhulu nezingabizi kakhulu njengezinkundla zokuthatha ukudla kanye neziteshi zokudla okusheshayo. Lapho uthenga, kufanele kunikezwe kuqala imikhiqizo "enezimpawu ezingasetshenziswa kabusha", futhi kufanele kusungulwe ukubambisana nezikhungo zokusebenzisa kabusha zendawo ukuze kwakhiwe umjikelezo ovaliwe "wokuthenga - ukusetshenziswa - ukuphinda usebenzise".

Ukupakisha Okulula: Isihluthulelo Sokuthuthukisa Izindleko Ezimweni Zokuhweba Kwangaphandle Zokuthumela Ngaphandle

Isisindo esincane siyindlela ebalulekile yokuthuthukiswa kwezitsha zokudla zokuvikela imvelo. Ngobuchwepheshe bokuguqulwa kwezinto, isisindo sezitsha zokudla ze-PET ne-PLA sincishisiwe20%, okungagcini nje ngokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa, kodwa futhi kunciphisa nezindleko zokuhamba zamazwe ngamazwe. Uma sibheka ezokuthutha olwandle njengesibonelo, isitsha ngasinye setafula elilula singonga12%yezindleko zokuthutha. Kubathengi bezohwebo, le nzuzo ingathuthukisa ngqo izinzuzo zomkhiqizo.

INGXENYE 6

Ipulasitiki Iyashintsha—Ayinyamalali

LAke sixoxe ngesimo sangempela:izitsha zokudla zepulasitikingeke inyamalale ngokuphelele esikhathini esifushane, phela, izinzuzo zayo zezindleko kanye nokusebenza zisekhona. Kodwa isikhathi "sokungathathelwa indawo" sesiphelile, futhi ezinye izindlela zepulasitiki zihlukanisa imakethe zibe "ithrekhi ye-eco" kanye "nethrekhi yokuqeda" - abaphathi abakhetha indlela efanele sebeqalile ukwenza imali ngokuvikelwa kwemvelo.

Ikusasa likaUkupakisha okungokwemveloakukhona ukuthi ubani othatha indawo kabani, kodwa ukufanisa ngokunembile "ukuthi yiziphi izinto okufanele zisetshenziswe kusiphi isimo".Ukukhetha izinto ezifanele ngokwebhizinisi lakho, bese uguqula "ukuvikelwa kwemvelo" kube yibhonasi yomkhiqizo wakho - lokhu kuyisihluthulelo sokuma uqine egagasini eliluhlaza!

-Isiphetho-