I-PET (polyethylene terephthalate) iyindlela esetshenziswa kabanzi yepulasitiki embonini yokufaka. Ngokwengeza ukwaneliseka kwezemvelo emhlabeni jikelele, amathemba emakethe esikhathi esizayo kanye nomthelela wezemvelo wezilwane zasekhaya uthola ukunakwa okukhulu.
Okwedlule kwezinto ezifuywayo
Maphakathi nekhulu lama-20, i-petmer ephawula emangalisayo, i-polyethylene terephthalate, yasungulwa okokuqala. Abasunguli bafuna ukwaziswa okungasetjenziswa ngezinhloso ezahlukahlukene zentengiso. Ukungasindi, okusobala, nokuqina kwakwenza kwaba yisinqumo esihle sezicelo ezisabalele. Ekuqaleni, i-pet yayisetshenziswa embonini yezindwangu njengezinto ezivuthiwe zemicu ye-zokwenziwa (poyester). Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukusetshenziswa kwesilwane kwandiswa kancane kancane emkhakheni wokufaka, ikakhulukazi ngaphakathiAmabhodlela ophuzo nokupakishwa kokudla.
Ukuqala kwamabhodlela ezilwane zasekhaya ngawo-1970 kwaphawula ukwenyuka kwayo embonini yokufaka.Amabhodlela wezilwane zasekhaya kanyeInkomishi yokuphuza isilwane, ngokusebenza kwabo okulula, okuphezulu, nokubonakala okuhle, amabhodlela ezingilazi asheshe athathe indawo kanye namathini wensimbi, abe yizinto ezithandwayo zokupakishwa kwesiphuzo. Ngentuthuko eqhubekayo kubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza, izindleko zezinto ezifuywayo zehla kancane kancane, ziphinde zithuthukise uhlelo lwayo olubanzi emakethe yomhlaba wonke.
Ukukhuphuka nezinzuzo zesilwane esifuywayo
Ukukhuphuka okusheshayo kwezilwane ezifuywayo kungenxa yezinzuzo zako eziningi. Okokuqala, isilwane sinezinto ezinhle kakhulu zomzimba, njengamandla aphezulu, ukugqokwa kokuphefumula, nokuphikiswa ukuqina kwamakhemikhali, okwenza ukuthi kwenziwe kahle emasimini nasezimbonini zezimboni. Okwesibili, impahla yezilwane ezifuywayo inokubona okuhle kanye ne-luster, ukunikeza umphumela omuhle kakhulu kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezinjengamabhodlela okuphuza neziqukathi zokudla.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukungasebenzi kabusha kwezinto ezibonakalayo zezilwane nakho kuyinzuzo enkulu. I-Plastics yezilwane zasekhaya ingavuselelwa futhi isetshenziswe kabusha ngezindlela zomzimba noma zamakhemikhali ukukhiqiza izinto ezisetshenziswayo (i-rpes) izinto. Izinto ze-Rtet azikwazi kuphela ukuthi zisetshenziselwe ukukhiqiza amabhodlela amasha wezilwane kodwa futhi zisetshenziswe ezindwangu, ekwakheni nakwezinye izinkambu, ukunciphisa kakhulu umthelela wezemvelo wenkutha yepulasitiki.
Umthelela wezemvelo
Naphezu kwezinzuzo eziningi zezinto ezifuywayo, umthelela wazo wezemvelo awunakunakwa. Inqubo yokukhiqiza yezilwane zasekhaya idla inani elikhulu lezinsizakusebenza zikaphethiloli futhi likhiqiza amanye amagesi abamba ukushisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinga lokucekelwa phansi lamapulasitiki wezilwane ezisendaweni yemvelo lihamba kancane, livame ukudinga amakhulu eminyaka, okwenza kube ngumthombo omkhulu wokungcoliswa kwepulasitiki.
Kodwa-ke, uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zamapulasitiki, ukungasebenzi kahle kwesilwane esifuywayo kukunikeza ithuba elithile ekuvikelweni kwemvelo. Izibalo zikhombisa ukuthi cishe ama-26% amapulasitiki wezilwane avuselelwa emhlabeni jikelele, ngesibonelo esiphakeme kakhulu kunezinye izinto zepulasitiki. Ngokwengeza isilinganiso sokuvuselela kabusha amapulasitiki wezilwane, umthelela wawo ongemuhle emvelweni ungancishiswa ngempumelelo.
Umthelela wezemvelo
Naphezu kwezinzuzo eziningi zezinto ezifuywayo, umthelela wazo wezemvelo awunakunakwa. Inqubo yokukhiqiza yezilwane zasekhaya idla inani elikhulu lezinsizakusebenza zikaphethiloli futhi likhiqiza amanye amagesi abamba ukushisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinga lokucekelwa phansi lamapulasitiki wezilwane ezisendaweni yemvelo lihamba kancane, livame ukudinga amakhulu eminyaka, okwenza kube ngumthombo omkhulu wokungcoliswa kwepulasitiki.
Kodwa-ke, uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zamapulasitiki, ukungasebenzi kahle kwesilwane esifuywayo kukunikeza ithuba elithile ekuvikelweni kwemvelo. Izibalo zikhombisa ukuthi cishe ama-26% amapulasitiki wezilwane avuselelwa emhlabeni jikelele, ngesibonelo esiphakeme kakhulu kunezinye izinto zepulasitiki. Ngokwengeza isilinganiso sokuvuselela kabusha amapulasitiki wezilwane, umthelela wawo ongemuhle emvelweni ungancishiswa ngempumelelo.
Umthelela wezemvelo wezindebe ezilahlwayo zezilwane zasekhaya
Njengokudla okuvamile neziphuzo zokufaka isiphuzo, umthelela wezemvelo weIzinkomishi ezilahlwayo zesilwanefuthi kuyinto ebalulekile. Yize izinkomishi eziphuza izilwane ezifuywayo nezithelo zezithelo zezithelo zinezinzuzo ezinjengokuba lula, zisobala, futhi zijabulisa ngobuhle, ukusetshenziswa kwazo okukhulu nokulahlwa okungafanele kungaholela ezindabeni ezinkulu zezemvelo.
Izinga lokuwohloka lezinkomishi ezilahlwayo zezilwane ezisendaweni yemvelo lihamba kancane. Uma kungavunyelwa kabusha, bangabeka ukulimala kwesikhathi eside ku-Ecosystems. Ngokwengeziwe, izinkomishi ezilahlwa ngokulahlwa kwezilwane ezilahlwayo zingabeka izingozi ezithile zempilo ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa, njengokukhishwa kwezinto eziyingozi ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa okuphezulu. Ngakho-ke, ukuthuthukisa ukuphinda usebenzise izinkomishi ezilahlwayo ukuze kuncishiswe umthelela wazo wezemvelo kuyinkinga ephuthumayo edinga ukubhekelwa.
Okunye ukusetshenziswa kwezipuni zezilwane zasekhaya
Ngaphandle kwamabhodlela obuphuzo nokupakishwa kokudla, amapulasitiki wezilwane asetshenziswa kabanzi kwezinye izinkambu. Embonini yezindwangu, isilwane, njengoba impahla ebanzi eluhlaza ye-polyester Fibers, isetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhiqizeni izingubo nezindwangu zasekhaya. Emkhakheni wezimboni, amapulasitiki wezilwane, ngenxa yezindawo zawo ezinhle kakhulu zenyama, asetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi nezingxenye zezimoto.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinto zezilwane ezifuywayo zinezicelo ezithile ezinkambeni zezokwelapha nezokwakha. Isibonelo, isilwane singasetjenziselwa ukukhiqiza amadivaysi ezokwelapha kanye nokupakishwa kwemithi ngenxa yokuphamba kwayo okuhle nokuphepha. Embonini yezokwakha, izinto zezilwane zasekhaya zingasetshenziswa ukukhiqiza izinto zokwehlukanisa kanye nezinto zokuhlobisa, ezaziwa ngokuqina kwazo kanye nobungane bezemvelo.
Imibuzo ebuzwa njalo mayelanaIzindebe zezilwane zasekhaya
1. Ngabe izinkomishi zezilwane ezifuywayo ziphephile?
Izindebe zezilwane ezifuywayo ziphephile ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile zokusetshenziswa futhi zihambisane namazinga afanele wezinto zokuxhumana zokudla. Kodwa-ke, bangakhipha amanani ezinto eziyingozi ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa okuphezulu, ngakho-ke kunconywa ukugwema ukusebenzisa izinkomishi zezilwane ezifuywayo ezindaweni zokushisa okushisa.
2. Ngabe izinkomishi zezilwane ezifuywayo zisebenza kabusha?
Izindebe zezilwane ezifuywayo zisebenza kabusha futhi zingacutshungulwa zibe yizinto ezisetshenziswayo zezilwane ezisetshenziswayo ngezindlela zomzimba noma zamakhemikhali. Kodwa-ke, isilinganiso sangempela sokuphinda sisebenze kabusha silinganiselwe ukuphelela kohlelo lokuphinda usebenzise kabusha kanye nokuqwashisa kwabathengi.
3. Uyini umthelela wezemvelo wezindebe zezilwane zasekhaya?
Izinga lokuwohloka kwezindebe zezilwane ezifuywayo endaweni yemvelo lihamba kancane, kungenzeka libe nemithelela yesikhathi eside kwi-ecosystems. Ukwandisa inani lokuphinda usebenzise kabusha futhi kukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo ezisetshenziswayo zezilwane ezisebenza kabusha ngezindlela ezisebenzayo zokunciphisa umthelela wazo wezemvelo.
Ikusasa lezinto ezifuywayo
Ngokwanda kokuqwashisa kwemvelo emhlabeni kanye nentuthuko eqhubekayo yezobuchwepheshe, impahla yezilwane zasekhaya izobhekana namathuba amasha okuthuthuka nezinselelo ngokuzayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngokuvuthwa okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe bokuphinda usebenzise kabusha, isilinganiso sokuphinda usebenzise kabusha kwezinto ezifuywayo kulindeleke ukuthi sithuthukise, ngaleyo ndlela sinciphise umthelela wabo ongemuhle wezemvelo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ucwaningo nokusetshenziswa kwezilwane ezifuywayo ze-bio (Bio-pet) nazo ziyathuthuka, zinikeza izinkomba ezintsha zokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwezinto ezifuywayo.
Esikhathini esizayo,Izindebe zeziphuzo zezilwane ezifuywayo, Izithelo zezilwane ezifuywayo, kanye nezindebe ezilahlwa izilwane ezilahlwayo zizonaka kakhulu ukusebenza kwemvelo kanye nokuphepha kwezempilo, ukukhuthaza intuthuko esimeme. Ngaphansi kwesendlalelo sokuthuthuka okuluhlaza okotshani, ikusasa lezinto ezifuywayo ligcwele ithemba namathuba. Ngokuqamba okuqhubekayo nokuzikhandla, amapulasitiki wezilwane kulindeleke ukuthi athole ukulinganisela phakathi kokuhlangabezana nesidingo esizayo semakethe nokuvikelwa kwemvelo, ukuba yimodeli yokufaka okuluhlaza.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwamaplastikhi wezilwane kufanele kungagxili nje kuphela ekufuneni kwemakethe kodwa nasekutholeni imvelo. Ngokwengeza isilinganiso sokuvuselela kabusha, ukukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezisetshenziselwa kabusha izilwane ezifuywayo, futhi uthuthukise ucwaningo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwesilwane esisuselwa kwi-bio, amapulasithi we-pet kulindeleke ukuthi athole ibhalansi entsha phakathi kwezidingo zemakethe kanye nokuvikelwa kwezemvelo, ahlangabezana nezidingo ezimbili.
UMvicopackkungakunika noma yiliphi inkambisoUkupakishwa kokudla kweCornStarchna-Ukupakishwa kwebhokisi lokudla koshukelanoma noma yiziphi izinkomishi zephepha eziphindaphindekayo ozifunayo. Njengoba iminyaka engu-12 yokuphuma kwamanye amazwe, uMngaPaka uthumele emazweni angaphezu kwekhulu. Ungaxhumana nathi nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ngokwezifiso nama-oda aphelele. Sizophendula kungakapheli amahora angama-24.
Isikhathi Sokuposa: Jul-19-2024
