Izindaba - Ukwembula Isitashi Sommbila ku-Bioplastics: Iyini Indima Yaso?

Empilweni yethu yansuku zonke, imikhiqizo yepulasitiki itholakala yonke indawo. Kodwa-ke, izinkinga zemvelo ezikhulayo ezibangelwa yipulasitiki yendabuko ziye zashukumisela abantu ukuba bafune ezinye izindlela ezihlala isikhathi eside. Yilapho i-bioplastics iqala khona ukusebenza. Phakathi kwazo, isitashi sommbila sidlala indima ebalulekile njengengxenye evamile kuma-bioplastics. Ngakho-ke, iyini ngempela indima yei-cornstarch ku-bioplastics?

1. Ziyini i-Bioplastics?
Ama-bioplastics angamapulasitiki enziwe ngezinsiza ezivuselelekayo njengezitshalo noma ama-microorganisms. Ngokungafani namapulasitiki endabuko, ama-bioplastics enziwa ngezinsiza ezivuselelekayo, ngaleyo ndlela abangela umthelela omncane emvelweni. Isitashi sommbila, phakathi kwawo, sivame ukusetshenziswa njengenye yezingxenye eziyinhloko kuma-bioplastics.

2. Indima Yesitashi Sommbila Kuma-Bioplastics

Isitashi sommbila ngokuyinhloko isebenza imisebenzi emithathu emikhulu:
Isitashi se-cornstarch sidlala indima ekukhuliseni, ekuzinziseni nasekuthuthukiseni izakhiwo zokucubungula kuma-bioplastics. Siyi-polymer engahlanganiswa namanye ama-polymer abola noma ama-plasticizers ukuze kwakhiwe izakhiwo ezizinzile. Ngokufaka izithasiselo ezifanele kusitashi se-corn, ubulukhuni, ukuguquguquka kanye nezinga lokuwohloka kwama-bioplastics kungalungiswa, okwenza afanelekele izimo ezahlukene zokusetshenziswa.
Ukuthuthukisa Amandla Okusebenza: Ukufakwa kwesitashi sommbila kungathuthukisa ukuqina kanye namandla okunamathela kwama-bioplastics, okwenza aqine kakhudlwana.

Ukuthuthukisa Ukusebenza Kokucubungula: Ukuba khona kwesitashi sommbila kwenza ama-bioplastic aguquguquke kalula ngesikhathi sokucubungula, okwenza kube lula ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo eyahlukahlukene enomumo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, isitashi sommbila sinokubola okuhle kakhulu. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo ezifanele, ama-microorganisms angaphula isitashi sommbila sibe amakhemikhali alula e-organic, ekugcineni afinyelele ekuwohlokeni okuphelele. Lokhu kuvumela ama-bioplastics ukuthi aphinde asetshenziswe ngokwemvelo ngemva kokusetshenziswa, okunciphisa ukungcoliswa kwemvelo.

Kodwa-ke, isitashi sommbila siphinde sibe nezinselele ezithile. Isibonelo, ezindaweni ezinokushisa okuphezulu noma ezinomswakama ophezulu, ama-bioplastic athambekele ekulahlekelweni ukuzinza, okuthinta isikhathi sawo sokuphila kanye nokusebenza kwawo. Ukuze babhekane nale nkinga, ososayensi basebenza ekutholeni izithasiselo ezintsha noma ekuthuthukiseni izinqubo zokukhiqiza ukuze bathuthukise ukumelana nokushisa kanye nokumelana nomswakama kwama-bioplastic.

3. Ukusetshenziswa kwesitashi sommbila ku-Bioplastics ethile

Ukusetshenziswa kwesitashi sommbila kuma-bioplastic athile kuyahlukahluka kuye ngezakhiwo ezifiselekayo kanye nokusetshenziswa okuhlosiwe komkhiqizo wokugcina. Nazi izibonelo ezimbalwa:

I-Polylactic Acid (PLA): I-PLA iyi-bioplastic evame ukutholakala ku-corn starch. I-corn starch isebenza njenge-feedstock yokukhiqizwa kwe-lactic acid, bese i-polymerized ukuze yakhe i-PLA. I-PLA eqiniswe nge-corn starch ibonisa izakhiwo ezithuthukisiwe zemishini, njengamandla okubamba kanye nokumelana nomthelela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukungezwa kwe-corn starch kungathuthukisa ukubola kwe-PLA, okwenza ifaneleke ukusetshenziswa lapho ukukhathazeka kwemvelo kubaluleke kakhulu, njengokuthiizitsha ezilahlwayo, ukupakishwa kokudla, kanye namafilimu e-mulch yezolimo.

Ama-Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA): I-PHA olunye uhlobo lwe-bioplastic olungakhiqizwa kusetshenziswa isitashi sommbila njengomthombo wekhabhoni. Isitashi sommbila sivutshelwa yizinto ezincane ukuze kukhiqizwe i-polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), okuwuhlobo lwe-PHA. Ama-PHA aqiniswe ngesitashi sommbila avame ukuba nokuzinza okungcono kokushisa kanye nezakhiwo zemishini. Lawa ma-bioplastic athola ukusetshenziswa emikhakheni eyahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukupakisha, amadivayisi ezokwelapha, kanye nezolimo.

Ama-Bioplastic Asekelwe ku-Starch: Kwezinye izimo, isitashi sommbila sicutshungulwa ngqo sibe ama-bioplastic ngaphandle kwesidingo sezinyathelo ezengeziwe zokupholisha. Ama-bioplastic asekelwe ku-Starch ngokuvamile aqukethe ingxube yesitashi sommbila, ama-plasticizer, kanye nezithasiselo zokuthuthukisa ukucutshungulwa kanye nezakhiwo zokusetshenziswa kokugcina. Lawa ma-bioplastic asetshenziswa ezisetshenziswayo njengezikhwama ezilahlwayo, izitsha zokudla, kanye nezitsha zokudla ezilahlwayo.

Ukuhlanganiswa Nezinye Izinto Ezibolayo: Isitashi sommbila singahlanganiswa nezinye izinto ezibolayo, njenge-polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), i-polycaprolactone (PCL), noma i-polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate (PBAT), ukuze kudalwe izinto ezibolayo ezinezakhiwo eziklanyelwe zona. Lezi zingxube zinikeza ibhalansi yamandla okusebenza, ukuguquguquka, kanye nokubolayo, okwenza zifaneleke ukusetshenziswa okuhlukahlukene kusukela ekupakishweni kuya kwezolimo.

4. Isiphetho

Indima yesitashi sommbila kuma-bioplastics idlulela ngale kokuthuthukisa ukusebenza; futhi iyasiza ekunciphiseni ukuthembela kumapulasitiki endabuko asekelwe ku-petroleum, okuqhuba ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto ezinobungani nemvelo. Ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe, silindele ukubona imikhiqizo ye-bioplastic emisha kakhulu esekelwe ezinsizeni ezivuselelekayo njengesitashi sommbila.

Ngamafuphi, isitashi sommbila sidlala indima enezici eziningi kuma-bioplastic, hhayi nje kuphela ukuthuthukisa ukuzinza kwesakhiwo samapulasitiki kodwa futhi nokukhuthaza ukubola kwawo, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe umthelela wemvelo. Ngentuthuko eqhubekayo yezobuchwepheshe kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha, ama-bioplastic akulungele ukudlala indima enkulu ekuletheni izinzuzo ezengeziwe endaweni ezungezile yoMhlaba wethu.

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