Utshani Obunobuthi kanye Nezinga Lokushisa: Umhlahlandlela Owusizo Wama-Café kanye Nezindawo Zokudlela

IUma uphakela iziphuzo, kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa isikhalazo: “Lezi zitsha ezifakwa umquba ziyamanzi ngokushesha kakhulu.” Kodwa inkinga ayivamile ukuba utshani ngokwalo. Ngokuvamile, kuba ukungafani phakathi kwezinto ezifakwa umquba kanye nokushisa kwesiphuzo. Izinto ezihlukene ezifakwa umquba ziziphatha ngendlela ehlukile kakhulu uma zivezwa ekushiseni noma emakhazeni. Ukuqonda lowo mehluko kukusiza ukuthi ukhethe utshani obufanele lokho okuphakelayo ngempela. Lo mhlahlandlela uchaza, ngokusekelwe ezimpahleni zezinto kanye nedatha yokuhlola etholakalayo, ukuthi kuvame kangakananiutshani obungafakwa umqubaukusebenza kuzo zonke izinga lokushisa leziphuzo emhlabeni wangempela.

OKUQUKETHWE

• 1.Kwenzekani Ngaphakathi Kotshani Lapho Izinga Lokushisa Lishintsha
• 2.Ama-Paper Straws – Alungele Iziphuzo Ezibandayo Ezisheshayo, Hhayi Ezishisayo
• 3.Ama-straw e-PLA – Alungiselelwe Iziphuzo Ezibandayo
• 4.Ama-PHA Straws – Amelana Nokushisa Futhi Athembekile Eziphuzweni Ezishisayo
• 5.Utshani be-bamboo kanye ne-Plant Fiber – Amandla Amanzi Aphezulu Avela Ezintweni Zemvelo
• 6.Izimo Zokugcina Izinto – Isici Esinganakwa
• 7.Izitifiketi Eziqinisekisa Ngempela Ukuvumelana Nezimo
• 8.Umhlahlandlela Wokukhetha Owusizo

Kwenzekani Ngaphakathi Kotshani Lapho Izinga Lokushisa Lishintsha

Izitsha zepulasitiki zendabuko zilula. Azinandaba nokushisa noma ukubanda.Kodwa utshani obungafakwa umquba buvela ezitshalweni — ummbila, umoba, uqalo, noma imicu yephepha. Lezi zinto zemvelo zenzelwe ukubola ngemva kokusetshenziswa. Lokho kuhle emhlabeni. Kodwa futhi kusho ukuthi ziyasabela ekushiseni nasekuswakeni ngenkathi uphuza.Uma utshani obungafakwa umquba buhlangana nokushisa, izinto ezintathu zingenzeka:

• Izinto ezisetshenziswayo zimunca umswakama ngokushesha
• Isakhiwo siba thambile
• Ubuso bungase bulahlekelwe ukushelela noma ukuqina

Iziphuzo ezibandayo ziyanciphisa lokhu kusabela. Iziphuzo ezishisayo ziyasheshisa.Yingakho utshani olulodwa lungalingani nendebe ngayinye.

Ama-Paper Straws – Alungele Iziphuzo Ezibandayo Ezisheshayo, Hhayi Ezishisayo

Ama-straw ephephaZenziwe nge-pulp yokhuni enombozo omelana nomswakama. Eziphuzweni ezibandayo (0–7°C / 32–45°F), ngokuvamile zihlala imizuzu eyi-15–30 ngesivinini esivamile sokuphuza. Ngale kwalokho, ingxenye ecwiliswe emanzini iqala ukuthamba njengoba amanzi engena emicu yephepha.Eziphuzweni ezishisayo (ezingaphezu kuka-60°C / 140°F), ukuthamba kuyashesha kakhulu. Ukushisa kwandisa ukumuncwa komswakama futhi kungenza buthaka izinamathiseli ezisetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kotshani. Kunoma yisiphi isiphuzo esinikezwa sishisa noma okulindeleke ukuthi siphuzwe kancane, utshani bephepha abuyona inketho ethembekile.

Ama-straw e-PLA – Alungiselelwe Iziphuzo Ezibandayo

I-PLA(i-polylactic acid) iyi-bioplastic eyenziwe ngesitashi sommbila, umoba, noma eminye imithombo yezitshalo. Ama-straw e-PLA abushelelezi, amelana nomswakama, futhi azwakala efana nepulasitiki evamile.Eziphuzweni ezibandayo – ikhofi elibandayo, ama-smoothie, ijusi, itiye le-bubble – ama-straw e-PLA asebenza kahle kakhulu. Ahlala eqinile isikhathi sonke sokuphuza, ngisho noma ethinta uketshezi isikhathi eside.Umkhawulo we-PLA ejwayelekile ukubekezelela kwayo ukushisa. Izinga lokushisa lokushintsha kwengilazi – lapho izinto ziqala ukuthamba – licishe libe ngu-55–60°C (130–140°F). Ikhofi noma itiye elishisayo elisanda kuphekwa livame ukwedlula u-70°C (158°F), okubangela ukuthi utshani lwe-PLA lulahlekelwe ukuqina kungakapheli imizuzu. Ezinye izingxube ze-PLA zifaka i-PBAT noma ezinye iziguquli ukuze kukhuliswe ukubekezelelana kube ngu-70°C, kodwa ukusebenza kuyahlukahluka kuye ngomkhiqizi.I-PLA ilungele kakhulu iziphuzo ezibandayo. Ngeziphuzo ezishisayo, i-PLA ejwayelekile ayinconywa ngaphandle kokuthi ilinganiswe ngokucacile amazinga okushisa aphezulu.

Ama-PHA Straws – Amelana Nokushisa Futhi Athembekile Eziphuzweni Ezishisayo

I-PHA (i-polyhydroxyalkanoate) ikhiqizwa ngokubiliswa kwamagciwane kwamafutha noma ushukela osekelwe ezitshalweni. Iyisizukulwane esisha se-biopolymer ehlanganiswayo enezakhiwo ezihlukile kakhulu zokushisa ezivela ku-PLA.Ama-straw e-PHA anikeza ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu kakhulu. Kuye ngendlela akhiwe ngayo, agcina ubuqotho besakhiwo emazingeni okushisa esiphuzo angaphezu kuka-70°C (158°F), kanti amanye amazinga abekezelela kufika ku-100–120°C (212–248°F) ukuze abonakale isikhathi esifushane. Ngokwezinto ezingokoqobo, ama-straw e-PHA asebenza kahle ekhofini elisanda kuphekwa kanye netiye elishisayo ngaphandle kokuthamba ngaphambi kwesikhathi.Ukushintshana kwentengo kubiza kakhulu futhi akusabalali kangako uma kuqhathaniswa ne-PLA. Emisebenzini edinga utshani olulodwa olukwazi ukumuncwa kokubili iziphuzo ezibandayo nezishisayo, i-PHA iyindlela enhle kakhulu.

Utshani be-bamboo kanye ne-Plant Fiber – Amandla Amanzi Aphezulu Avela Ezintweni Zemvelo

Utshani be-bambookanye nokunyeutshani be-fibre yezitshalozikhiqizwa ngezihlanganisi ezincane noma ezingenazo nhlobo. Ukuhlolwa kwemishini kubonisa ukuthi izinti ezisekelwe ku-bamboo zimunca uketshezi oluncane kakhulu kunezinti zephepha ezimboziwe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kokunye ukuhlolwa okuqhathanisayo, izinti ze-bamboo zimunca umswakama ongaphansi ngo-60% kunephepha ngemva kwamahora amabili emanzini angu-80°C, kuyilapho zigcina amandla aphezulu okumanzi.Lezi zinhlanga zisebenza kahle ebangeni elibanzi lokushisa, kusukela kuma-smoothie abandayo kuya etiyeni elishisayo. Kodwa-ke, ukuhambisana kuyahlukahluka kuye ngomkhiqizi, futhi izintambo zokuhlinzeka azivuthiwe kangako kunalezo zephepha noma ze-PLA. Abathengi kufanele baqinisekise imininingwane yomkhiqizo ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa okukhulu.

Izimo Zokugcina Izinto – Isici Esinganakwa

Utshani obungavundiswa buklanyelwe ukubola ngemva kokulahlwa, hhayi ngesikhathi sokugcina. Kodwa ukugcinwa okungafanele kungalimaza ukusebenza kahle ngaphambi kokuba utshani buthinte isiphuzo.Utshani be-PLA budinga indawo yokugcina elawulwa yisimo sezulu enomswakama ongaphansi kuka-50% ngesikhathi sokugcina impahla. Ukushisa okuphezulu noma umswakama ohlala isikhathi eside kungabangela ukuthi i-PLA ibe buthaka noma iqale ukubola ngaphambi kwesikhathi.Ama-paper straw kufanele agcinwe ezindaweni ezomile kude nomswakama oqondile.I-PHA kanye notshani be-bamboo ngokuvamile zizinzile kodwa zisazuza esitorejini esipholile, esomile nesimnyama.Isiphakamiso esiwusizo: Gcina zonke izinti ezingafakwa umquba endaweni epholile, eyomile, kude nemishini yokuwasha izitsha, ama-oven, noma ilanga eliqondile. Sebenzisa izinto ezindala kuqala.

Izitifiketi Eziqinisekisa Ngempela Ukuvumelana Nezimo

Akuwona wonke umkhiqizo obhalwe ukuthi “ungaba ngumquba” ohlangabezana nezindinganiso ezinengqondo.ukuqinisekiswa komuntu wesithathu, leli gama linesisindo esilinganiselwe esisemthethweni.Ngaphansi kwe-FTC Green Guides, ukusho ukuthi umkhiqizo “ungaba nomquba” ngaphandle kokucacisa izimo zokuwohloka kwawo kungaba yinto edukisayo. Izifundazwe eziningana, okuhlanganisa iWashington neMinnesota, manje zidinga isitifiketi esivela eceleni njengobufakazi obusemthethweni bezimangalo zokuba nomquba.Kuma-straw angakwazi ukuvundiswa emakethe yase-US, izitifiketi ezimbili zibaluleke kakhulu:

ÜV Austria OK Umquba IKHAYA

Lesi sitifiketi siqinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizo uyaphuka ezimweni zomquba ezizungezile - ngaphandle kokushisa kwezimboni noma umoya olawulwayo. Kuyindinganiso enzima ukuyifinyelela, ngoba ukubola kumele kwenzeke emazingeni okushisa aphansi, aguquguqukayo ajwayelekile emigqonyeni yomquba wasekhaya. Imikhiqizo enalesi sitifiketi ingalahlwa ezinhlelweni zomquba zokuhlala.

Ukuvumelana Kwezentengiselwano ze-BPI

I-BPI (i-Biodegradable Products Institute) iqinisekisa imikhiqizo ehlangabezana nezindinganiso ze-ASTM D6400 zezindawo zokwenza umquba ezimbonini. Lezi zindawo zigcina amazinga okushisa angu-58 ±2°C (cishe 136°F) ngomswakama nomoya olawulwayo. I-BPI iqinisekisile imikhiqizo engaphezu kuka-51,000 engaba ngumquba kuze kube manje futhi iyisitifiketi sokwakheka komquba esaziwa kakhulu eNyakatho Melika.Eminye imikhiqizo inesitifiketi esisodwa kuphela salezi. Eminye ayinaso, naphezu kokusebenzisa amagama anjengokuthi “okubolayo” noma “okusekelwe ezitshalweni.” Iqembu elincane – okuhlanganisa notshani obukhethekile – liphethe zombili izitifiketi ngasikhathi sinye. Isitifiketi esiphindwe kabili asivamile esigabeni sotshani obungavundiswa, kodwa sinikeza inzuzo ewusizo: umkhiqizo ofanayo ungavundiswa ebhodweni elingemuva noma esikhungweni sezimboni, kuye ngengqalasizinda yemfucuza yendawo.Uma kuhlolwa utshani obungafakwa umquba ukuze busetshenziswe kwezentengiselwano, ukuhlola lezi zitifiketi kunikeza ulwazi oluthembekile kakhulu kunokufunda izimangalo ekupakishweni kuphela.

Umhlahlandlela Wokukhetha Owusizo

Akukho lutho olulodwa olukwazi ukwenziwa ngotshani olusebenza kahle kulo lonke izinga lokushisa lokuphuza. Indlela ephumelelayo ukufanisa izinto nezinto ozisebenzisayo nemenyu yakho yangempela.

Iziphuzo ezibandayo kuphela (ama-smoothies, ikhofi elibandayo, ijusi, itiye le-bubble):Ama-straw e-PLA anikeza ibhalansi engcono kakhulu yokusebenza kanye nezindleko.

Imenyu yokushisa exubile (iziphuzo ezibandayo nezishisayo):Cabanga nge-PHA noma utshani be-bamboo fiber. Izindleko eziphezulu kusengaphambili zingase zifaneleke ngokugwema izikhalazo zamakhasimende.

Iziphuzo ezishisayo kuphela (ikhofi, itiye elishisayo):Sebenzisa i-PHA noma utshani olusekelwe ezitshalweni olumelana nokushisa. Utshani obusebenzisa amaphepha abufaneleki.

Iziphuzo ezibandayo zesikhathi esifushane: Ama-paper straw ahlala esebenza, kodwa awayona ikhambi elivamile.

Ukugcinwa okufanele kanye nezitifiketi eziqinisekisiwe kuqinisekisa ukuthi utshani busebenza njengoba kuhlosiwe. Lapho utshani obungafakwa umquba buphela ngesikhathi sokulungiswa, inkinga cishe ayikaze "imikhiqizo engafakwa umquba ayisebenzi." Cishe njalo kuba ukungalingani kwezinto, izinga lokushisa, noma isitoreji.